Home Health and Illness The Disorders Of The Mind And Nerves

Mental Disorders

Mood Disorders

Mood signifies emotional state of the mind. Apart from being in the normal state of mind it can in the state of elation or in the state depression.

Mood disorders can be of two types.

• Unipolar Mood Disorder - Where worsens and gets into depression. There no up swing of mood. In unipolar depression or depressed state the major condition that dominates the scene is Major depressive Disorder.
• Bipolar Mood Disorders - Where mood can fluctuate between up beat mood and severe depressed condition with normal moods in between these episodes.

In Bipolar Mood disorders we have

• Acute mania - is a severe medical condition characterized by extremely elevated mood, energy, and unusual thought patterns. Symptoms of mania include rapid speech, racing thoughts, decreased need for sleep, hypersexuality, euphoria, grandiosity, and increased interest in goal-directed activities.
• Mild forms of mania, known as hypomania, cause little or no impairment, but most people who suffer from prolonged hypomania due to bipolar disorder develop full mania.
• Bipolar depression - Here the patient goes into depression as a part of mood fluctuation. The difference between unipolar depression and bipolar depression is that it is a part of the mood swing. The treatment has to be different as the normal antidepressant may not work or may be detrimental. They are to be given antidepressants with mood stabilizers or antipsychotics to overcome the bipolar depression.
• Normal state - More often that not they are in normal state of mood with or without medication.

Cerebella's offering for acute mania and mood stabilizers (Our Products)

• Olanzotic 2.5/5/10 mg (Olanzapine)
• Qt 25/50/100/200/300SR (Quetiapine)
• Rispibel 1/2/3/4 (Risperidone)
• Bilif 10/15/30 (Aripiprazole)
• Cereptal 150/300/450 mg (Oxcarbazepine)
• Divella ER 250/500/750mg (Divalproex Extended Release)
• Ictalam 25/50/100 mg (Lamotrigine)

Cerebella's offering for bipolar depression and difficult to treat depression (Our Products)

• Olanzotic Plus (Olanzapine 5 mg with Fluoxetine 20 mg)
• Olanzotic Forte (Olanzapine 10 mg with Fluoxetine 20 mg)

Cerebella's offering for Major Depressive disorders (Our Products)

• Citofast 5/10/20 (Escitalopram)
• XL Paro 12.5/25(Paroxetine controlled release)
• Mirapin 7.5/15/30mg (Mirtazapine)
• Goldep SR 25/50 MG (Amitriptyline Sustained release)
• Eubella (Flupenthixol with Melitracen)

Anxiety

Anxiety disorder is a blanket term covering several different forms of abnormal, pathological anxiety, fears and phobias. It describes nervous system disorders as irrational or illogical worry not based on fact. Anxiety and fear are ubiquitous emotions. The terms anxiety and fear have specific scientific meanings, but common usage has made them interchangeable.

Fear is defined as an emotional and physiological response to a recognized external threat. Anxiety is an unpleasant emotional state, the sources of which are less readily identified. It is frequently accompanied by physiological symptoms that may lead to fatigue or even exhaustion. Because fear of recognized threats causes similar unpleasant mental and physical changes, patients sometimes use the terms fear and anxiety interchangeably. Distinguishing among different anxiety disorders is important, since accurate diagnosis is more likely to result in effective treatment and a better prognosis.

Types

• Generalized anxiety disorder is characterized by long-lasting anxiety that is not focused on any particular object or situation. People with this disorder feel afraid of something but are unable to articulate the specific fear.
• In panic disorder, a person suffers brief attacks of intense terror and apprehension that cause trembling and shaking, confusion, dizziness, nausea, difficulty breathing, and feelings of impending doom or a situation that would be embarrassing.
• Social anxiety disorder is also known as social phobia. Individuals with this disorder experience intense fear of being negatively evaluated by others or of being publicly embarrassed because of impulsive acts.
• Obsessive compulsive disorder is a type of anxiety disorder primarily characterized by obsessions and/or compulsions. Obsessions are distressing, repetitive, intrusive thoughts or images that the individual often realizes are senseless. Compulsions are repetitive behaviours that the person feels forced or compelled into doing, in order to relieve anxiety.
• Post-traumatic stress disorder is an anxiety disorder which results from a traumatic experience. Post-traumatic stress can result from an extreme situation, such as being involved in warfare, rape, hostage situations, or involvement in a serious accident.

Cerebella's offering for anxiety (Our Products)

• Xenotril SL 0.25/0.50/1.0/2.0 mg (Clonazepam sublingual tablets)
• Nirsan MD 1/2mg (Lorazepam mouth dissolving tablets)
• Bazzy 5/10 (Clobazam)
• Citofast X (Escitalopram and Clonazepam)

Psychosis And Schizophrenia

Psychosis is a generic psychiatric term for a mental state often described as involving a "loss of contact with reality." People suffering from it are said to be psychotic. People experiencing psychosis may report hallucinations or delusional beliefs, and may exhibit personality changes and disorganized thinking. This may be accompanied by unusual or bizarre behaviour, as well as difficulty with social interaction and impairment in carrying out the activities of daily living.

Schizophrenia is a psychiatric diagnosis that describes a mental illness characterized by impairments in the perception or expression of reality, most commonly manifesting as auditory hallucinations, paranoid or bizarre delusions or disorganized speech and thinking in the context of significant social or occupational dysfunction. Studies suggest that genetics, early environment, neurobiology and psychological and social processes are important contributory factors.

Signs and Symptoms

A person experiencing schizophrenia may demonstrate symptoms such as disorganized thinking, auditory hallucinations, and delusions. In severe cases, the person may be largely mute, remain motionless in bizarre postures, or exhibit purposeless agitation; these are signs of catatonia. The current classification of psychoses holds that symptoms need to have been present for at least one month in a period of at least six months of disturbed functioning.

Positive and Negative Symptoms

Schizophrenia is often described in terms of positive (or productive) and negative (or deficit) symptoms. Positive symptoms include delusions, auditory hallucinations, and thought disorder, and are typically regarded as manifestations of psychosis. Negative symptoms are so-named because they are considered to be the loss or absence of normal traits or abilities, and include features such as flat or blunted affect and emotion, poverty of speech (alogia), anhedonia, and lack of motivation (avolition).

Cerebella's offering for psychosis (Our Products)

• Olanzotic2.5/5/10 mg (Olanzapine)
• Qt 25/50/100/200/300SR (Quetiapine)
• Rispibel 1/2/3/4 (Risperidone)
• Bilif 10/15/30 (Aripiprazole)
• Rispibel Plus (Risperidone 3 mg with Trihexyphenidyl 2 mg)
• Rispibel Forte (Risperidone 4 mg with Trihexyphenidyl 2 mg)